Wounds & incisions

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A wound by true definition is a breakdown in the protective function of the skin; the loss of continuity of epithelium, with or without loss of underlying connective tissue (i.e. muscle, bone, nerves)following injury to the skin or underlying tissues/ organs caused by surgery, a blow, a cut, chemicals, heat/ cold, friction/ shear force, pressure or as a result of disease, such as leg ulcers or carcinomas. 

The four phases of wound healing are:
  • Bleeding/Hemostasis phase
  • Inflammatory phase
  • Proliferation phase
  • Remodeling phase
The stages in the four phases tend to overlap making clear delineation of the initiation of each phase difficult to define. In the Bleeding/Hemostasis phase the blood vessels in the wound bed contract and a clot is formed. Once hemostasis has been achieved, blood vessels then dilate to allow essential cells; antibodies, white blood cells, growth factors, enzymes and nutrients to reach the wounded area.  The Inflammatory phase is the body’s natural response to injury.  During this stage the characteristic signs of inflammation can be seen; erythema, heat, edema, pain and functional disturbance. The predominant cells at work here are the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); ‘neutrophils and macrophages’; mounting a host response and autolysing any devitalized or necrotic cells.
During proliferative phase, the wound is ‘rebuilt’ with new granulation tissue which is comprised of collagen and extracellular matrix and into which a new network of blood vessels develop, a process known as ‘angiogenesis’. Healthy granulation tissue is dependent upon the fibroblast receiving sufficient levels of oxygen and nutrients supplied by the blood vessels. Healthy granulation tissue is granular and uneven in texture; it does not bleed easily and is pink / red in colour. The color and condition of the granulation tissue is often an indicator of how the wound is healing. Dark granulation tissue can be indicative of poor perfusion, ischemia and / or infection. Epithelial cells finally resurface and remodel the wound, a process known as ‘epithelialization’.
Remodeling is the final phase and occurs once the wound has closed. This phase involves remodelling of collagen from type III to type I. Cellular activity reduces and the number of blood vessels in the wounded area regress and decrease. Celero Wound Healing Accelerator works works in conjunction with PMN's early on in the wound healing process by maintaining favor pH conditions and providing an environment conducive to increased oxygenation which jump starts the host response. When used immediately after primary wound healing (surgical incisions) Celero Wound Healing Accelerator immediately jump starts the PMN's and accelerates progression into the proliferative phase where we see minimal inflammation, reduced scar formation and reduction in potentiation of surgical site infections.


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  • Home
  • Celero Science
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    • Burns
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